Clinic Management System

Description this is a medical management system, assisting user to administer a huge data in clinic. In addition, another function is allowing doctor, nurses and the administrative staff. On the client point of view, this is a faster and easeful way to link to the healthcare service by using the system. ‘Clinic Management System – CMS’ is specially designed for general clinic, this system let them have high efficiency management tools, computerize and systematic patient’s record, detail of drug information, this is the first achievements of the medical services. Medical services computerize is an irresistible general trend, this web site will provide medical information for the client, the user can find out a message they care. CMS provide on line appointment feature, which allow patients to make the appointment through Internet. Furthermore, doctors can manage the clinic daily work by using CMS. Nowadays computer has a strong capacity to provide information on a person that has a disease or has a health problem that needs to be cure, a lot of people are going to their doctor and asking them on their status, and a lot of doctors are always saying to us do you have record in this hospital, if the person then the doctor well go and find that record on the cabinet and by looking for you files it will take a lot minutes, that’s way this program came out a system that will easily search the medical records of the patients, in this case this program has database that record the status of the patients, it is easily use to find out the status of a person simple clicking their files or searching their status on the database of the hospital, first we need to identify the person by knowing who is he/she by filling up the form that was provided by the hospital. VI. DEFINITATION OF TERMS Once data have been screened for typographical errors, the data can be validated to check for logical errors. An example is a check of the subject's date of birth to ensure that they are within the inclusion criteria for the study. These errors are raised for review to determine if there are errors in the data or if clarifications from the investigator are required. Another function that the CDM can perform is the coding of data. Currently, the coding is generally centered around two areas adverse event terms and medication names. With the variance on the number of references that can be made for adverse event terms ormedication names, standard dictionaries of these terms can be loaded into the CDM. The data items containing the adverse eventterms or medication names can be linked to one of these dictionaries. The system can check the data in the CDM and compare them to the dictionaries. Items that do not match can be flagged for further checking. Some systems allow for the storage of synonyms to allow the system to match common abbreviations and map them to the correct term.

Paris description

Like any other day, the sun rose In Paris. It as the beginning of May, when spring blew Its last breezes and the heat of summer started to spread around. The weather could not get any better. The sky was crystal clear and It wasn't too sunny. The sun made the whole city looked Like It was covered with a thin, light and golden layer of apple dust. I could tell the weather was perfect since I could open the windows and Just leave It there. It was probably the best time In pans for traveling, when the freezing cold and the depressing rain were all gone.Like any Parisian, my morning started with a crunchy exterior and soft Interior resistant, some slices of crispy honey coated French toasts but my breakfast was definitely incomplete without a creamy cup of cappuccino. Sitting by the windows, those flowery balconies, the cobblestone road, those old black poles on the sidewalk, those classy street lamps had never seemed so real. Along the pavement, plenty of cars were parked in an organizi ng order even though the parking spaces looked a little bit too small. Excitement took over my whole body.I could not wait to jump out of the window and go on my Paris adventure but those soft noises along with such denude silence in the early morning kept pulling me back to the chair. That peaceful atmosphere absolutely gave me the definition of Zen. It was a typical Parisian Monday. Walking down the street, everyone seemed so busy. The street was crowded with people walking, bicycling, and driving their ways to work. Some stopped along the way to grab a cup of coffee. All of sudden the smell of everyday coffee wasn't the same.The warm and bittersweet aroma of roasted coffee combined with the buttery and yeasty smell of fresh baked pastries filled the air. At the corner, people walked UT of the billionaires with bags baguette and pastries on their hands. Then, an earthy scent of fresh-from-the-garden flower and a faintly sweet smell of blooming flowers gently spread around. Flower stalls with radiant and vibrant colors glowing under the early morning sun caught my eyes. Even the homeless on the street woke up and got ready for a new day. So I Joined In the flow of people and continued living my dream in Paris. Paris is oozing with art and culture.Artists were almost everywhere and love was In the air. It's not difficult to spot a Parisian cafe © on the street. The word â€Å"cafe ©Ã¢â‚¬  said It all. It's so original that there Is so equivalent for Its name In the English language. The cafe © was so adorable with round tables and flimsy chairs on a shady pavement terrace. There were dancing people on the street. People played music with accordions, cellos or even trumpets for money. A man with a beret hat would probably paint a portrait of you In no time. Souvenir stores were filled with tiny Eiffel towers, postcards and â€Å"I heart Paris† t-shirts. The crowds of people were inside the metro station.Graffiti and paintings were all over the wa ll. Unlike others unique beauty. For centuries, this city has been the laboratory for new ideas of architects and artists, which explains why Paris has bits of everything. Seeing all the historic and majestic buildings would give you a definite aspect of European architecture. Furthermore, a large number of monumental churches were built in Paris. During the French revolution, many churches were burnt down and destroyed but fortunately some of them survived and renovated. To be specific, the Notre Dame looked like a massive masterpiece. I took a closer look from the outside of the cathedral.Every detail of the carvings was so sophisticate and amazing that it left me speechless. The interior was wonderfully classy with all the colorful stained glass, the painted ceilings and everything else in that gothic treasure. If there were a medal for the best-preserved city, Paris would probably win the first place. Along the Seine River, key locks were easily found on bridges, it's considered as a symbol of love. Lovebirds were holding hands and the music were playing. The scenery would brighten your day right away. And French people were lovely as they spoke softly and the elegant gesture they made.The laughter and conversations mingled with the music melody, created a euphonious chorus of life. The highlight of the day didn't happen until sunset. It was summer so the sun didn't go down until nine. Standing from Pont Alexander Ill, the bridge that spans the Seine River, I got the perfect spot to watch twilight in Paris. As the sun began to set, a celestial glow appeared in the sky. As it went darker, the sky turned yellow, orange with a little shades of coral and magenta and the clouds looked like giant marshmallows floating in a gigantic punch bowl with layers of colors. The Eiffel tower was all lit up.The lights started to blink like the stars were playing hide and seek. Just a few moments, the city of lights was in front of me. The attractive golden lights from the Eiffel, the yellow lights from the street, everything was exquisitely amazing. Then, those shimmering lights drew itself onto the Seine River. The reflection started to vibrate like it was trying to send a message as the river flow slowly moved. I Just stood there and did nothing but stared at every centimeter of that stunning scenery. Rambling through the streets, the Paris during the day transformed itself into the Paris that took my breath away.Every corner, every avenue was Just pure magic. On the other hand, not everything about Paris is lovable. This city can get a bit touristy and crowded during summer. If you were too busy enjoying the view, you might be the victim of a pickpocket in Just a blink of an eye. Since this city attracts so many people, the lines in most places were too long and it would probably waste your time. The queue at an ice cream cart on the street took me thirty minutes but it was all worth it. I had a strawberry sorbet. It was a blast of freshness. The sorbet tasted really Juicy and deliciously tangy.It instantly melted in my mouth then a cool smooth liquid flowed down my throat as it cleared away all my feebleness in that boiling afternoon. So, as long as you are careful with your belongings and enjoy Paris to the fullest, the pickpockets and the lengthy lines would be no problems. There goes every beautiful piece of Paris that etched into my memory. As I wandered through the street of this city, splendid works of art were gently unfolding in front of me. The whole experience was priceless. I could throw in more adjectives to describe how surreal Paris was but this city would always be more than that.

Advanced Manufacturing Technology

The inspection process planning system is designed to produce an inspection process planning directly from CAD model. The prototype inspection process planning system includes  ®ve functional modules: the tolerance feature analysis, accessibility analysis, clustering algorithm, path generation and inspection process simulation. The tolerance feature analysis module is used to input tolerance information and establish the relationship between the tolerance information and surface feature. The accessibility analysis module evaluate all the accessible probe orientations for every surface feature. The clustering algorithm module groups the inspection probe and surface features into inspection group so that time for inspection probe exchange and calibration can be reduced to minimum. The path generation module determines the number of measurement points, their distribution and their inspection sequences. The inspection process simulation module animated display the inspection probe path and check whether a collision occurs between the part and the inspection probe. The methodology and theory for corresponding  ®ve functional modules are outlined. An example demonstrate the general process for the application of the inspection process planning system. The prototype inspection process planing system shown that the proposed theory and methods can be used in industry to generate an inspection process planning for a CMM. # 2000 Elsevier Science B. V. All rights reserved. Keywords: Inspection process planning; Co-ordinate measuring machines; Accessibility analysis; Clustering algorithm; Path generation 1. Introduction Recently, researches in inspection process planning have been increased [1]. Some prototypes inspection process planning systems have been developed. These systems include the task-decomposition inspection process planning system [2 ±5,11], the knowledge-based inspection process planning system [6,10] and some hybrid inspection process planning systems [7 ±9]. However, these systems are not satis ®ed by the industry. This paper outlined a prototype inspection process planning system. The inspection process planning system can be used to generate an inspection process planning for a CMM. It can be used as an integrated system starting from solid model and  ®nishing at production of inspection process planning  ®le. However, it can also be used as  ®ve stand alone function modules for the tolerance feature decomposition, accessibility analysis, clustering algorithm, path generation and the inspection process simulation, respectively. The inspection process planning system can be linked to a CAD system so that an inspection process planning can be produced directly once a part design has been  ®nished. It is expected that the laborious and error-prone manual programming currently used for a CMM can be replaced with the developed inspection process planning system. The lead-time for the CMM programming can be reduced signi ®cantly. . System framework The prototype inspection process planning system includes the tolerance feature analysis, accessibility analysis, clustering algorithm, path generation and inspection process simulation as shown in Fig. 1. The tolerance feature analysis module is used to input the tolerance information and then to decompose the tolerance features into individual surface inspection features. The accessibility analysis module evaluates all the possible probe orientations for a surface feature and represents these probe orientations with an accessibility cone. The probe orientation from the accessibility cone can guar- * Corresponding author. E-mail address: [emailprotected] co. uk (S. G. Zhang). 0924-0136/00/$  ± see front matter # 2000 Elsevier Science B. V. All rights reserved. PII: S 0 9 2 4 0 1 3 6 ( 0 0 ) 0 0 7 2 6 3 112 S. G. Zhang et al. / Journal of Materials Processing Technology 107 (2000) 111 ±118 Fig. 1. Flow chart of integrated applications of the developed system. antee a no collision between the probe stylus and the part during the inspection process. The clustering algorithm module arranges both the inspection probes into probe cells and the surface features into feature families so that the time for probe exchange and calibration can be reduced. As a result, the number of the inspection groups is reduced to a minimum. A knowledge-based clustering algorithm is used in the module so that a partial separated block diagonal matrix can be obtained if it is not possible to obtain a complete separated block diagonal matrix. The path generation module determines the number of sampling points, their distributions, and the sequences. Then, the inspection process simulation module is used to simulate the inspection process on a computer video display unit intuitively. The collision check is also implemented in the inspection process simulation module so that a no collision occurs during a real inspection process. Finally, an inspection process  ®le is produced, which is a similar  ®le as DMIS command codes. The generated inspection process planning can be used both for automated and manual inspections. On an automated inspection system, it generates the inspection instruction codes directly according to the format of the CMM instruction codes. On a manual inspection system, it guides the CMM operator for the part installation, selection of probe orientations, and determination of the distribution of the measurement points. Fig. 2 shows main menu for the prototype inspection process planning system. 3. Tolerance feature analysis The tolerance information representation in CAD model has been a bottleneck for manufacturing industry. The size of the tolerance value is too small to be presented in CAD model with its real dimension. It has been judged that it is very dif ®cult to represent this information with a CSG solid model. Some CAD system, such as the AutoCAD system, uses a facility of DIMENSION to represent the tolerance information in a CAD drawing. However, this tolerance information is for displaying on the computer screen or for printing as a hard copy only. The tolerance information and its relationships to the surface features are not included in the database of the AutoCAD system. It is not possible to apply the tolerance information in the subsequent operations such as manufacturing and inspection process. Fig. 3 shows a 3D solid model that is used as a test component for the inspection process planning system. Surface features F10, F11, F14, F17, and F24 apply the dimensional or geometrical tolerances and will be inspected with a CMM. Other surface features will not be inspected with a CMM because those surface features either have the general tolerances that can be guaranteed by general manufacturing method or those tolerances are not suitable to inspect with a CMM. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a methodology to represent the tolerance information and its relationship to the surface features. In the project, tolerance information and its Fig. 2. Accessibility analysis The accessibility analysis module includes three submodules: Gauss mapping; accessibility cone calculation; discretisation of the accessibility cone. The Gauss map is used to analyse and to represent the normal directions for a surface feature. The Gauss map represents all the normal direction of a surface feature with a unit sphere.

B1 Corn as GMO Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

B1 Corn as GMO - Essay Example This cDNA strand is then isolated and cloned or duplicated for the purpose of transformation into another species and this transformation process is made possible with the help of the bacterium known as Agrobacterium tumefaciens (Peel, 2001). This particular bacterium infects specific woody dicotyledonous plant species, where certain parts of the Agrobacterium circular DNA known as Ti plasmid can insert themselves into the host plant’s cell (Peel, 2001). The host plant, which is the corn plant in this particular experiment, then expresses the Bt gene (Peel, 2001). If this particular transformation process is not opted for, then the gene gun can be utilized. The other transformation process is the use of gold particles and coating them with target genes, such as Bt genes in our example (Peel, 2001). Using a gene gun, the genes are shot into the single cells of the corn plant without the help of the Agrobacterium in a process known as particle acceleration (Peel, 2001). Now that the Bt genes are already incorporated into the corn plant, a series of tests should confirm the potency of the bacterial gene. Plant tissue culture is the next step. Individual cells of the corn plant are obtained for culture and are subjected to the transformation process, which basically involves the elimination of non-transformed cells using a method that involves the use of selectable marker genes (Peel, 2001). The cultured corn plant cells are then treated with herbicide or antibiotic, and whole corn plants called Bt corn plants are then grown from the seeds of those cultured cells that eventually survive (Peel, 2001). If the Bt corn plant expresses the trait even after several generations using laboratory techniques, then it is believed to be stable and can now be bred using conventional agricultural methods and the final test would be for it to be able to stand environmental conditions (Peel, 2001). The process of transformation of the corn gene into the Bt corn gene involve s a crucial intermediate step where, before the Bt gene is inserted into the corn plant, it is first modified with promoters that would later on be recognized by the corn plant itself (Peel, 2001). This step and particularly these promoters is most crucial to the development of the toxic properties of the Bt corn plant. Because of these promoters, Bt corn â€Å"encodes crystalline proteins from the bacteria that are responsible for larvae toxicity† (Peel, 2001). Upon the Bt corn being eaten, these crystalline proteins, or Cry proteins, will bind to the insect’s midgut and cause a water imbalance that will eventually burst the cells and kill the pest (Peel, 2001). There are currently two types of promoters used in developing the Bt corn plant – the CaMV35S promoter and the PEP carboxylase promoter. The former expresses the toxicity of the Cry proteins in all plant tissues including the photosynthetic parts as well as the ears, roots and tassels, thus killing all insects that subsist on any part of the plant (Peel, 2001). On the other hand, the PEP carboxylase promoter, due to its exclusive affinity to cells that actively manufacture photosynthetic proteins, expresses the toxic properties of the crystalline proteins only in the photosyntheti

How Effective is Special Education Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

How Effective is Special Education - Term Paper Example Special education literature review and investigation by preeminent scholars in special education suggest the effectiveness of special education to be reliable. A thorough study and analysis have been taken to test the extent to which efficacious special educational techniques have been formulated for handicapped and disabled students, the proper application and implementation of those techniques and the uniqueness of usage and employment of these techniques in special educational settings. Strong evidence has been found for the development of effective, affirmed methods and techniques through empirical observation for students with disabilities to predominantly practice in their educational treatments, but the authentic implementation of such policies has not been considered important on regular basis and in good faith. A wide variety of research has been undertaken to challenge the effectuality and adequacy of specialized educational interventions to meet the special needs of stude nts. Such literature evidence has shown that in order to provide the specialized educational interventions to mildly handicapped students, various programs and models have been developed which can be implemented in both regular and special educational settings and also can have social impacts on the disabled students. Yet, the specially designed methods for treatment of special children have not been effective up to the extent that obviates the impairment completely. Except few cases, the students having impairments cannot make commensurable improvements as compared to the students who are nondisabled and require regular education. Even special students in groups having learning difficulties have not shown betterments equivalent to nondisabled students who perform at a level below average. To be efficacious, generally the treatments for disabled students should include sensibly personalized pedagogies and intensive aid, coupled with recording and supervising of the

Personal Positioning Paper, Cultures and Contexts, Spanish Modernity Essay

Personal Positioning Paper, Cultures and Contexts, Spanish Modernity - Essay Example We dance to our conservative dance styles and almost religiously strive to save our hard earned money to buy flamenco dresses. Wow! Quite moving, and I am motivated by the enthusiasm, passion and zeal that our people have in protecting what is inherently theirs. â€Å"We are living in the twenty first century† is now a cliche. The context in which these words are in most cases used is in reprimanding, persuading and to urging for â€Å"change!† But you sister, brother, mother, father, grandmother and grandfather will hear none of that. We do not need to change! You would all say, I would too, but not entirely. Change is good and it is not only inevitable, but also obligatory as long as we desire for better lives. Folklore, which is at the center of this party, is a culturally agreed weapon for criticism and fight against the national government whose policies do not work for us. Oscar Wild said that we are all in the gutter, but some of us are looking at the stars. Hope is what will drive us to change. Bull fighting motivates ours struggles, our peculiar dressing and dances remind us of our history. The indigenous food enlightens our capabilities and originality. All these things are desirable, but we have to think of the future. Political ideologies have always set me apart with my family, and having harbored those thoughts has made me think that I need my family in order to become a living evidence of change. I want to become an engineer, but I used to ask myself why I need this traditional culture in order to achieve my non- traditional goal of becoming an engineer. I was wrong, because I will still serve you my people once I graduate as an engineer and the culture will still be there to guide, shape and discipline me on what is you expect of me in my service to you. There must be a fusion between traditional elements and contemporary elements, traditional elements and non- traditional goals like

MLA Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 3

MLA - Essay Example I had a circle of close friends who met years ago and studied together for some time. We knew everything about each other because we met at the time when just could not hide anything or pretend. We shared common life goals, helped each other in difficult situations, had our special jokes that nobody else could understand. We lived in a small world of four. When you know a person long enough and he/she starts changing unexpectedly sometimes you cannot see these changes for a long time but notice only the result. Especially when this person is you. We were planning to have a little trip together as we always did but at that time I got acquainted to a new girl Sandra and we clicked immediately. It seemed that all the previous years we read the same books, watched the same movies, and listened to the same bands. This easy and positive atmosphere that became a part of our relationship made me forget about those friends who I was supposed to be with. I suddenly felt that my old friends became boring with their trivial jokes and primitive entertainments when my new fried offered much more inspirational things. She was always there for me with a new proposition. At that time I looked on my friends from a new perspective: â€Å"I don`t see their progress. They are doing the same things they were always doing. No ideas, no positive impact on me†. And in the day of our trip I just realized that I did not want to go, I did not want to spend my time with them because I felt superior to my friends and thought that this experience could not be interesting to me. How superficial and stupid of me! But at that time I was so persuaded in my position that decided not to explain anything to them. And know what I did? I sent a message in which I simply refused to come and refused to explain my solution. Since that episode I have not spoken to any of my old friends and, to be sincere, I

Cloning in Animals and Humans Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Cloning in Animals and Humans - Essay Example It was an achievement for the scientists but a question of ethics and morals for other groups. This clone was considered to be a path of initiation towards the formation of human clones as well (Pence 2004, p 17). Thus, the subject of cloning of humans and animals has been a center of arguments and debates. The cloning of Dolly in the year 1995 became a matter of concern for many groups. The President of the United States, Bill Clinton did not approve of cloning and issued a statement that the government would not invest in this field of cloning. The National Bioethics Advisory Commission put forward a report in the year 1997 in which it strongly prohibited the research for the formation of human clones. Feminist groups argued against this technique and presented the fact that it would be used by people to promote the domination of the society by males. Hence the subject became a matter of global concern (Kass et al 1998 p XV-XVI). Though there was the initiation of many debates by different groups, the success of animal cloning continued and since the year 1998, different animal clones were produced. These included clones of calves, mice, pigs and goats. A goat was cloned in Japan and it was claimed that the goat would be able to generate milk in a much greater quantity. The cloning of mice was also considered to be a success owing to the fact that they are used very often for the process of conducting medical research activities. These breakthroughs of cloning in animals carried great benefits. Japan cloned cattle which would assist in the production of a greater amount of milk and this would fulfill the shortcomings of this industry in the country. Hence animal cloning carried with it major benefits (Pence 2004, p 17-19). In the United States, the utilization of meat and milk from the cloned animals was prohibited as much research on their safety was considered essential before it was permitted for consumpt ion.

Environmental Issues in Business Aviation Assignment

Environmental Issues in Business Aviation - Assignment Example The significant environmental hazards in the Business aviation aircraft industry are the green house emissions and the noise (A Greener Future 2011). These gases emitted by business aviation aircrafts especially carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide (GAMA 2010) creates a layer in the atmosphere trapping heat on the earth’s surface. This heat in turn causes the Global warming (International Business 2011), alters the pattern of precipitation and the pattern of the heat waves. Noise causes annoyance to people; fortunately, current business aviation aircrafts produce less noise as compared to earlier business aviation aircrafts. There is a need to develop lasting solution to the management of emissions. This involves all the stakeholders to play active roles. The approach is best achieved through technology, finances or infrastructure, improvements in operations, alternative fuels and market focused measures. Technology Technology in business aviation is demanding efficiency. Business aviation aircrafts must be as light as possible and consume less fuel as possible. The business aviation has collaborated with other stakeholders in environmental issues work group, business aviation environmental projects, technology enhancements by engine manufactures, aerodynamic enhancements by business aviation aircrafts manufactures, airspace management and technology, voluntary offset programmes, flight department participation and operational measures (GAMA 2010). Establishing common and practical goals in the engine and airframe technology enhancements are particularly vital in the management of environmental issues (GAMA 2010). The engines of today are designed to economise on fuel, produce less noise and emit fewer gases. ... Business aviation aircrafts must be as light as possible and consume less fuel as possible. The business aviation has collaborated with other stakeholders in environmental issues work group, business aviation environmental projects, technology enhancements by engine manufactures, aerodynamic enhancements by business aviation aircrafts manufactures, airspace management and technology, voluntary offset programmes, flight department participation and operational measures (GAMA 2010). Establishing common and practical goals in the engine and airframe technology enhancements are particularly vital in the management of environmental issues (GAMA 2010). The engines of today are designed to economise on fuel, produce less noise and emit fewer gases. The business aviation airframes are also built in the sense of reducing noise and carry more weight. This technology commitment is expected to continue; and in the future years, it is expected that business aviation aircrafts will be much lighter and consume less fuel. The emissions have drastically been reduced in the business aviation sector. The current business aviation aircraft engines (GAMA 2010) emit less hazardous gas and produces less noise. A business aircraft produces 3.5 tonnes of carbon dioxide per flight (International Business 2011). The carbon dioxide emissions in one year by all the business aviation aircraft combined produce emissions similar to one medium sized power plant (International Business 2011). Reduction of carbon emissions (ICAO 2011) in business aviation aircrafts is done on various ways, checking on operator practices, air traffic control, engine design, airframe design and use of alternative fuels. Carbon is the principal component. The engines use oxygen to burn the fossil fuel,

Hospice in Rural Countries Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Hospice in Rural Countries - Research Paper Example Given the increasing statistical figures of families and patients who certainly will be facing the end-of-life crisis or issues, access to the hospice care has been a significant consideration. It has been found that the rural communities have been found to get the least access to the hospice care or a Medicare - certified hospice. In addition, the higher the number of physician found in the community shall likely to have easy access to the Medicare -certified hospice such as the urban or metropolitan. Moreover, the study shows that the number of physicians that can work in a Medicare-certified hospice can lower because of the need for the physician's certification of terminal illness. The findings show that the racial-ethnic diversity decreases from most rural places to least rural places or as the classification of the rural to urban communities progressed. The following is the table of the summary of the rural-urban, socioeconomic and physician rate variables. The computation of the median has been appropriate for this study to avoid enumeration of the numerous census data. The purpose of the calculation of the median is to approximate the middle value of every entry in the table such as the total number of the whites that resides in certain location. Table gives the reader an idea that on the average, the population of the whites living in a particular location is 84.4 or simply 84.4%. Table 1. Summary of the rate of available physician, socioeconomic, and rural-urbanclassification The above table provides the summary f the characteristics of the 3,140 counties. In 204, the census of the average county was 93,507 with the standard deviation of 304, 790. In terms of the median age of each county, on the average, was 37.3 years with the standard deviation of the 4.01. This means that the median age varies within the limits of + 4.01 and -4.01 values. The mean percentage of the population of the counties pertaining to those people who are above 65 years old was 14.76% and with the standard deviation of 4.17. On the other hand, the statistics pertaining to the people classified as under poverty line is 13.74% with the standard deviation of 5.59. The mean percentage of the minority groups such as the Hispanics and African Americans in counties were 8.76% and 6.18% respectively. The Hispanics mean percentage derives a standard deviation of 11.9 while the African Americans, 14.5% standard deviation value. Furthermore, according to the summary of characteristics of the particular counties, the physician rate reaches 12.61% with a standard deviation of 14.89. On the other hand, the mean quantity of the Medicare-certified hospice was 0.83 with standard deviation of 1.84. The significance of the values 18.99, 8.99, and 9.48 pertain to the rates of physician in the rural-urban classifications. This means that the metropolitan (most urban or least rural) has the most number of physicians qualified to work with the Medicare-certified hospice than the adjacent metro or rural areas (see figure 1). Figure 1. A comparison of MDs per 10,000 census, mean percentage of

Saudi Students in the Us Education System Essay Example for Free

Saudi Students in the Us Education System Essay Western culture differs dramatically from Saudi Arabian culture, from religion, to education to music and food, even dress; they really are two different worlds. The challenges that a Saudi student might face here in the states are endless and adjusting takes time and a tremendous amount of effort. Let’s start by talking about education. In Saudi Arabia sexes are separated from day one. Males and females never attend school under the same roof, not even at university levels ( Flaits). For a Saudi student, here in the United States, this is a substantial change that has the potential to be, even traumatizing to students, especially to those students still in primary schools. Imagine with me for a moment that you are a thirteen year old Saudi Arabian girl. Your father has just gotten a job in the United States. Up till now you have spent your entire life in Saudi Arabia in a traditional home, going to a traditional all girl school. The only males you have ever spoken with are your close male relatives. Now, it is your first day to attend an American public school. You have a nice, dark complexion and wavy brown hair hidden away under your hijab. Never mind all the strange glances immediately thrown at you for your appearance the minute you step foot on the bus because of the way you are dressed, you expected as much. But you’re taken aback by the fact that well over half of these uncomfortable, judgmental glances are barreling down on you from the faces of boys. Your heart is beating hard and fast in your ears as you slide into the nearest vacant green leathery seat. You’re starting to feel your face grow warm and you just know you are seven shades of beat red. You concentrate on your breathing; you can feel every eye on the bus burning into you, you feel completely exposed. And just when you think that things couldn’t possibly get worse, a boy about two years older than you decides the empty seat next to you is as good as any to claim for his own. He gives you a warm smile, which you return with a blank stare. So he takes it upon himself to try and start a conversation. He is friendly enough, but you can’t concentrate on a single word coming out of his mouth. Not just because your English is below proficient, but because blood is pounding in your ears. What does this boy think he is doing? Your mind reels. The only thing you can think about is how angry your father would be if he saw this boy sitting next to you and you pray he never finds out. You have never spoken to a boy in your life, you wouldn’t know how to go about it, even if you wanted to, but your mouth doesn’t seem to be working now anyhow and all you want is for this boy to leave you alone before any tears manage to escape your eyes. You shut your eyes tight and count your breaths waaHid, ithnayn, talaata . . . You keep them closed for a long time and when you open them the boy has apparently gotten the point or been offended because he has changed seats. You feel only a slight twinge of guilt but a flood of relief. Finally the bus comes to a stop and everyone files off. Upon arriving to the school you find that the boys here are less friendly and somewhat frightening. Some whistle or stare, some wink, some make inappropriate gestures with their hands or mouths most of which you do not understand, some scoff and finally some ignore you completely which comes as a relief. The girls here don’t seem to be interested in any kind of interaction with you at all. Most avoid eye contact but some blatantly glare. Your head spins, all you want is a quiet, safe place to hide. So you retreat to the bathroom. Here you encounter a whole new set of awkward social problems, when a group of giggling girls, applying too much makeup, instantly become silent as you approach. You can feel the hostility as they take in your attire. Only one even attempts to smile at you. As if on cue, they all march out, fallowing a tall thin blond with a hot pink top, by the way the other girls dote, you can only assume she is their leader. You splash some cool water on your face, thankful for the silence and whisper a prayer to Allah, asking Him for the strength to just get through the day. The bell rings so you find your way to first period and take a seat nearest the door, most students have to walk past you, which isn’t ideal but you feel safer because you can bolt at any time if the need arises. The teacher inters the room and says good morning to the class. He looks across the room and his eyes come to rest on you, suddenly it is hard to breath you feel like you have been caught in some kind of sand storm that is suffocating only you, no one else in the room seems to feel ill at ease in the least. You have never had a male teacher before and it never crossed your mind that you ever would. This morning you prepared yourself the best you could with the idea of having to go to school with boys, you knew that you would stick out because of the clothing you wore and you knew it might be difficult communicating with the other children because your English is not that good, but it never occurred to you that you would have a male teacher! â€Å"good morning class, today we have a new student, miss Layla Almire,† never taking his eyes of you â€Å" would you mind standing and telling us a little about yourself ? † You slowly rise, â€Å"my name is Layla, I am thirteen, my family is from Saudi Arabia† you sit, unsure of what just happened. That girl standing, speaking, didn’t even sound like you. She sounded confident, not falling to pieces on the inside as you are doing now; your heart is beating so hard and your hands are trembling. â€Å"thank you miss Layla, we are glad to have you in class. Now take out your text books and turn to page eighty-three we left off talking about†¦Ã¢â‚¬  most of the day passes in a blur, you go from class, avoid eye contact or conversations with the children, eat lunch alone, some of your teachers are male, some are female, you act like you understand what the teachers say even though half the time you don’t. By the end of the day you are completely drained emotionally, mentally and physically and you are so relieved when it is finally over. But at home, you don’t want your parents to worry about you, especially your mother; the trip has been hard enough on her as it is. So you fake a smile and fight the urge to skip dinner and turn in early. After clearing the table you can fight it no longer, you tell your family that you have homework and retreat to your room. There you silently cry yourself to sleep hoping the morning does not come too quickly because you know what’s waiting for you when it does, your second day at an American public school. Saudi girls are painfully shy around men because their culture dictates that they have no interaction with men outside of close relatives. (Flaits) Coeducation can be difficult for male students as well because they are from a society where men are dominant, so being taught by women may be a very challenging thing to get used to (Flaits). To accommodate for these particular challenges, (first of all teaches need to be aware of the cultural differences), male teaches can help with these cultural challenges by not calling the female student out too much in class or talking to girls directly, by keeping a comfortable distance in a sense. And female teachers can try not to be too assertive, to avoid resentment from male students. Saudi’s in general, do not take criticism well, especially in public. It is viewed as an attack on their honor. It is for this reason that teachers need to be gentle when confronting a student about inappropriate behavior and never should this be done in front of the rest of the class. Saudi’s take it very personally if they are not trusted. This is a good reason not to accuse them unless you have strong evidence for your case. Trust and honor go hand in hand. I was not aware of this when I first began college and started hanging out with a group of internationals, I was not aware of many things. One night we were all at my friends and I was ready to go home but my friend was too tired to drive so his friend offered to give me a lift. I â€Å"politely† refused. Because I was raised never to get in a car with strangers, I thought this was common knowledge â€Å"don’t get into cars with people you don’t know†. This man took it very personally, he started to raise his voice, speaking in Arabic, and then left in a huff. I asked my friend what he said, it roughly translated to â€Å" fine if you don’t feel safe near me then I will just go† I felt slightly guilty but at the same time I thought it confirmed that this guy was a hot head that shouldn’t be trusted. Abdulah and I have laughed about our first meeting a lot since; he later became one of my best friends. This man wouldn’t hurt a fly, it’s just not in him, he is one of the kindest people I know. He has come to understand why I refused to get in the car that night and I, how disrespectful it was to refuse his help in front of all of our friends. Another challenge for Saudi students is the same for all immigrant students, language barriers. Students may need special accommodations to further acquire language skills. They may need additional time on assignments and additional clarification on direction for assignments. It is important for teachers to be patient with their students and not mistake the students lack of understanding for laziness. Some additional challenges, for teachers working with Saudi students, are keeping their attention, their interest. Saudis get bored very easily and quickly. Keeping their attention can prove to be quite difficult. Speaking with a fellow teacher I was given insight on how she kept her students engaged. She told me that Saudi students can be quite competitive so incorporating games with prizes or score boards is an effective and healthy way to inspire them to â€Å"stay on top of their game† she suggested things like writing on the black board, matching objects to words and spelling B’s where every point is tallied and any kind of learning game in general,to be effective methods. I have come up with a few of my own ideas to keep their interest and get them to study on their own as well. â€Å"THE LETTER GAME† have a bag full of random letters written on cards, at the beginning of class pull a set number of cards and place them in plain sight of the entire class, give the students a set amount of time to spell as many words as they can come up with from those cards, when the time is up tally the number of correct words the students got right, the one with the most words is awarded some kind of incentive. This accomplishes two things, challenges the student mentally and may lead to study outside of the class. Since the letters are completely random knowing their vocab will not be enough, because competition is such a part of their personality the intention is to get them to do independent studying, the more words they know, the better chance they have at winning the next go around. Racism is an infectious disease that plagues our public schools and even with all â€Å"bullies will not be tolerated† campaigns. Teachers need to keep a close eye out for students that might be being mistreated or harassed for the color of their skin, the god they believe in or the close they wear. In conclusion, there are many things that a teacher can and should do in order to make international students feel more at home in their class rooms. First and foremost, learn as much as you can about the students culture, this helps go a long way in helping the student. Secondly, when it comes to Saudi students, respect is key, don’t be too assertive if you are a female with male students, if you are a male with female students keep your distance, do not call out your Saudi students if they have, or are suspected of doing something wrong, speak with them in private. Thirdly offer accommodations for language barriers and engage them in some healthy competition to keep them motivated. And lastly, keep an eye out for racism or abuse from abuse from other members of the school.

European advancements in warfare Essay Example for Free

European advancements in warfare Essay The Inter-war period between World War I and World War II was a time that governments relied on treaties and pacts to maintain peace rather than wage war. Some of these treaties and pacts did more to instigate war than to help deter it. Some examples of these are the Versailles Treaty, which basically all but dismantled the German military structure, another example is that of the Paris Peace Act of 1928, which was a voluntary renunciation of war as an instrument of national policy. Because treaties such as these, the reciprocal effect of any deviation caused tensions which eventually resulted in global conflict. What we will discuss in the following essay will cover weapon and doctrinal advancements, which were intended to return decisiveness, back to the business of waging war, with minimal losses of equipment and human life. During the inter-war period, militaries were primarily led by officers who were conservative in their approach to military structure and combat. One notable and very important aspect that became a topic of much debate during the period between WWI and WWII was that of armored and motorized warfare. Not only armored vehicles such as tanks but also motorized vehicles for logistical purposes as well. The conservative stance regarding these new weapons systems, which were introduced during WWI, was that they were to be utilized in a support role for the infantry and cavalry. This came at a time when most of the armies of the world were transitioning away from horse-drawn supply trains and tactical cavalry, due to the modernization of motorized military vehicles. Several leaders who opposed the conservatives on the role of armor and motorized warfare went on to become some of the most well known military writers ever. Two of these men were British General J.F.C. Fuller and British Captain B.H. Liddell Hart. Both of these British officers wrote and created doctrine that would be instrumental in the waging of armored warfare for not only WWII but also well into the twenty-first century. Instead of using tanks and tracked artillery for nothing more than infantry support they believed in, and created doctrine that placed an emphasis on fast moving offensive operations that would strike deep into the enemys territory, so fast as to render the enemies attempt to regain a structured  defense or counter attack futile. This ironically would be the template for the German blitzkrieg, which was implemented by Heinz Guderian after extensive research of Fuller and Liddell Harts doctrinal advancements. Although the British had well made tanks which could carry out this type of warfare, Guderian took this to another level with improvements to tank engines and armament and also the structuring of motorized divisions to carry out this new brand of warfare. It was believed by these men, that one tank could do what it would take a company of infantryman to do, and more! Advancements in the inter-war period were not only on ground fighting doctrine and weaponry, but also in the naval aspects as well. During the 1920s, the Washington Naval Treaty imposed strict guidelines upon the navies of the U.S., Japan, France and Italy. These guidelines kept ships to certain regulations that limited the size of guns and of the countries entire navy itself. What this did basically caused atrophy in naval progression. In the 1930s when Hitlers Germany openly disavowed compliance with the Versailles Treaty and began the re-galvanizing of its army and navy, it caused the nations which would become Germanys enemies to begin changing doctrine and methods in the conduct of naval operations. Also, the arrival of the aircraft carrier in almost every advanced navy created new threats with aircraft. The Japanese utilized aircraft carriers heavily in the war in the Pacific, as well did the United States. No two countries during WWII put so much emphasis on the carrier. What the carrier did was to allow aircraft to be launched from a ship far away into either enemy territory or enemy seas to attack either ships or targets on land without risking the loss of a naval ship. This was a naval doctrine created during the inter-war period. Air forces also went through extensive change during the inter-war period. First, the advancements of aircraft themselves in this period were perhaps the largest and most significant technological advancement of all. Airplanes had developed into short-range fighters, which could attack with speeds that were un-thought of in the era of bi-planes. Also, there was the advent of long range fighters to escort long-range bombers, which could hold large amounts of ordinance to drop on the enemys cities. Because of these  advancements, countries began racing to create the best aircraft that they could make. Each country would create superior aircraft in an effort to control the sky. The two countries that set the pace in this regard were Germany and Japan. Both enemies to Britain and the US, these two countries pushed the Allies to make formidable opposition and air defense systems. The period between WWI and WWII was a period of radical change to doctrine and weaponry. The creation of treaties and the League of Nations served as nothing more than a hopeful buffer to deter the waging of war. By creating these strict guidelines, the world did nothing more than antagonize one another to the point of global conflict. Advancements made during this period were a direct result of men who knew that peace could never truly be attained with peace.

Management Control: Purpose and Strategies

Management Control: Purpose and Strategies Controlling is one of the four main functions in management. It is important to managers in order to ensure all planning, organising and leading run as smoothly as desired. If managers are able to ensure that each plan made and every task given to the employees are carried out perfectly, and the results expected is what had been planned, control is not required. Unfortunately, managers are not able to ensure these conditions will run smoothly without the occurrence of any problems since most planning is done by humans and humans are known to be diverse in terms of abilities, motivation and others. In a rapidly changing business environment, not only the expected results must be controlled, planning must also be monitored and controlled. 11.1.1 Definition of Control Management control is a systematic effort to fix or establish the standard of performance through planning objectives, designing information feedback systems, comparing true performance with the fixed standard, determining whether there are any disadvantages or weaknesses and taking suitable actions to ensure all resources within the organisation can be used in the most effective and efficient way in achieving the objective of the organisation. Control is the process of ensuring that organisational activities are running according to plan. This process can be carried out by comparing the true performance with the standard that has been established and taking corrective actions in order to rectify any distortion that does not comply with the standard. The main purpose of control in management is to prepare managers to face future or existing problems before they turn critical. In general, an organisation with a good control mechanism will have the advantage of competing strength compared to organisations without a good control system. The following are several examples of the importance of control for organisations: 11.1.2 Quality Assurance The smooth running of a particular process can be monitored and problems can be avoided by having control. Control is able to stimulate the organisation to monitor and increase the quality of products and services offered. Through the activities related to the control process, members of the organisation will always be driven to act according to the plans that have been established. 11.1.3 Preparation to Face Changes Change cannot be avoided. Change in environmental factors such as markets, competitors, technology and legislation makes the control process important for managers in responding towards opportunities and threats. Control helps the organisation to suit its products to the needs and wants of consumers in the market. 11.1.4 Steps in the Control Process A control process has three basic needs: fixing of standards to be used in measuring the level of growth; monitoring decisions and comparing it to the standards, that is, the comparison of the organisationà ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã‚ ¢s true performance with the planned performance; and finally, taking corrective actions in rectifying any disadvantages and weaknesses that occurred in achieving the performance that has already been set. Establishing Standards Standard is the base for comparison to measure the level of performance of a company in order to find out whether the company is compliant. Standard is the point of reference in making comparisons to another value. Standard can be defined as what is required out of a particular job or an individual. In management control, standards are usually derived from the objectives. Standards should be easy to be measured and interpreted. A specific objective that can be measured makes it more suitable to be used as a standard. If this standard is not clearly and specifically stated, it may be interpreted in a different way and will then raise various difficulties that can affect the goals of the organisation. In general, there are three types of standards: physical standard such as quantity of products and services, number of customers and quality of products and services; financial standard which is stated in the form of money, and this includes labour cost, sales cost, material cost, sales revenue, profit margin and others; and lastly, time standard which includes the performance rate of a particular task or the time period required to complete a particular task. Measuring Performance and Making Comparisons Performance measurement is a type of control. Actual results need to be monitored to ensure that output produced is according to the specific standard. The main purpose of performance monitoring is to gather data and detect deviation and problem areas. Measurement has no meaning if it is not compared to the standard. The next step is performing the comparison of standards. Comparison of standard is a process where comparison is made between the true performances with the standard set. This step is important because it allows any deviation or distortion to be detected and corrective actions can be taken in order to achieve the goals that have been set. Corrective Actions It is often found that managers establish standards and monitor decisions but do not take suitable actions. The first and second steps in control will be meaningless if corrective actions are not taken. Before taking any steps in correcting, detailed analysis must be carried out in order to find out the factors that caused the particular deviation. This corrective action may involve change in one or more operation activities of the organisation such as modification, repairing of machines, preparation of certain courses and others, or it might also involve a change in the fixed standard. Corrective action is a process of identifying the distorted performance, analysing the distortion and developing and implementing programmes in order to rectify it. 11.2 THE CONTROL PROCESS The running of a control process is a continuous act. This process cannot be done only once in order to gain the achievement expected. This is considered as a dynamic process. This dynamic process begins with looking at the true performance and measuring the achievement level of that particular performance. Managers will then compare the performance achieved with the performance that has been fixed. If there happens to be any difference, it must be analysed in order to identify the cause of the differences and this is followed by the correcting act. This process must be done repeatedly and must be given full attention by the manager in order to achive the performance goals set. 11.2.1 Basic Methods of Control According to Williams (2000), a control process consists of three basic methods which are identified as future control, concurrent control and feedback control. 11.2.2 Future Control This type of control is also known as prevention control. This involves the use of information, including information from the latest results, is to forecast what will happen in the future so that preventive measures can be taken. It is implemented to prevent the occurrence of deviation between what had really happened with what is expected to happen. Prevention is carried out through detailed analysis on the input before it is accepted into the process of organisation transformation. Input is ensured to comply with the quality standards established so that the results obtained are as expected. One example of the use of this control is when a manager ensures that the sample of raw material that is going to be used complies with the standard established by the organisation or based on certain specifications to avoid damage towards the product in the future. 11.2.3 Concurrent Control Concurrent control is carried out during the process of transformation. When this control is carried out, restoration actions, corrective actions or modifications are done after distortion is detected. For a production-oriented organisation, this controlling action is taken while input is being processed while for service-oriented organisations, it is taken while service is being provided. Through this method of control, organisations will monitor their operations and simultaneously take the necessary corrective actions before the transformation process is completed. This will help to reduce mistakes in the outputs being produced. Examples of this method of control are mid-term examinations, control of accounts, control of inventories and others. 11.2.4 Feedback Control Feedback control involves gathering information related to the weaknesses of controlling measures after an incident takes place. This type of control is implemented after the transformation process has been completed with the purpose of finding out whether the whole activity ran properly with results as expected. This control is also able to determine whether the plan that is going to be carried out has the continuity with the previous programme. It is also able to evaluate the effectiveness and efficiency of the involved parties in performing the activities of the organisation. An example of this method of control is the use of low-quality raw materials that resulted in the production of low-quality products. The act of changing the raw materials used is one of the examples of feedback control. 11.2.5 Types of Control According to Williams (2000), there are five forms of control that can be used by managers in implementing the process of control à ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬ bureaucratic, objective, normative, concertive and self. Figure 9.3 illustrates these five forms of control. Bureaucratic Control This method uses hierarchy authority to influence employees. Rewards are given to employees who obey and punishment is meted out to employees who do not obey the policies, regulations and procedure of the organisation. Objective Control This method uses the measurement of observation towards the behaviour of employees or output produced to evaluate work performance. Managers are more focused on the observation or measurement towards the behaviour of employees or outputs rather than the policies or rules. Objective control consists of two forms of control; behaviour control and output control. Behaviour control Behaviour control is the rule of behaviour and actions that controls the behaviour of employees in their tasks. Output control Output control is the form of control that controls the output of employees by granting rewards and incentives. Important features in the implementation of output control are reliability, fairness and accuracy, convincing employees and managers to achieve the expected results while rewards and incentives depend on the performance standard that has been established. Normative Control Normative control is a method that arranges the behaviour of employees and results through norms and beliefs shared together among all the members within the organisation. There are two main substances in this type of control which are, sensitivity towards selection of employees based on their attitude and norms, and obtaining inspiration based on experience and observation of employees. Concertive Control This is a method that uses the norms and behaviour discussed, formed and agreed by the work group. This form of control plays a role in an autonomous work group. An autonomous work group is a work group that operates without the presence of a manager and is fully responsible for the control of process, task group, output and behaviour. Autonomous work groups gradually grow through two stages of concertive control. First, members work and learn from each other, supervising the work of each member and develop norms and beliefs that guide and control them. Secondly, the appearance and acceptance of objectives as guide and control of behaviour. Self Control It is a system where managers and employees control their own behaviour by establishing their own goals; monitor their own progress and their own achievements of goals, and reward themselves when goals have been achieved. EXERCISE 9.2 11.3 FACTORS THAT NEED TO BE CONTROLLED Determining the matters to be controlled is as important as making decisions on whether to control or in what method should control be done. There are several perspectives that need to be controlled by a manager in order for the organisation to be able to achieve the goals expected. 11.3.1 Financial Perspective One of the important areas that need to be controlled is finance. There are times when the financial performance does not reach the expected standard. If this condition remains undetected and relevant actions are not taken, the existence of the company might be in jeopardy. Financial perspective is generally related to activities such as sales, purchases and others. Financial statements are important sources of financial information for an organisation. A balance sheet shows how strong the financial position, assets, liabilities and the position of the equity holder for a certain financial period. A profit-loss statement or income statement shows the summary of the operational activities and the relationship between expenditure and revenue for a particular financial year. There is a new approach in the financial perspective known as economic value added. Economic value added is the total profit of a company which exceeds the capital cost in a particular year. In this perspective, a manager must impose control so that the total profit of a company always exceeds the capital cost for the company to continuously gain economic value added. 11.3.2 Human Resource Perspective The control towards human resources is vital for organisations. If an organisation is unable to control its human resources properly such as losing expert workforce hence it will jeopardise the performance and achievement of the company. Organisations need to have planning that is able to motivate the employees. For example, organisations need to be concerned regarding the problems faced by the employees by creating harmonious discussions between the management and the employees union. 11.3.3 Quality Perspective Internal operations of organisations are usually measured through quality. Operations control is very important for every organisation especially for manufacturing firms. This is because efficiency and effectiveness of operations control will determine the level of production and organisational performance as fixed by the standard. The quality value of products and services produced based on the standard will be able to strengthen the perception of the customers towards the quality of goods that they had purchased. For example, the control of product quality is able to reduce waste and product defects and this will further save cost. Inventory control is also effective in reducing the costs of investments related to inventory 11.3.4 Consumer Perspective In order to measure the performance of customers, an organisation needs to impose control on customers who leave the organisation and not based on the survey of customer satisfaction. In this perspective, the manager will make evaluation by measuring the percentage rate of customers who left the organisation. By controlling customers from leaving the organisation, a company will be able to increase profits. For example, the cost in obtaining a new customer is five times more compared to the cost of retaining an existing customer. SUMMARY The main purpose of management control is to prepare managers to face existing or future problems before it becomes critical. Management control has three basic needs: establishing standards; monitoring decision and comparing it to the standard; and making corrections on any distortion that occurred between the true decision and the standard. Control is a dynamic process because it is a continuous process. Control process consists of three basic methods: future control which is also known as prevention control; concurrent or present control; and feedback control. There are five forms of control that can be used by managers in implementing the control process: bureaucratic, objective, normative, concertive and self. In order to ensure that the organisation can achieve its goals, several important perspectives must be controlled à ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬ finance, human resource, quality and customers.

The Influences Of Tolkien In T Essay -- essays research papers

The Influences of Tolkien The influences of Tolkien are many and great, but of them all, three stand out most; his great love of nature that sprung from his experiences as a youth in the English Countryside, his acute sensitivity and desire to master language, and his involvement in trench warfare in the Great War. Tolkien himself vehemently denied that the war affected his story at all. 'The real war does not resemble the legendary war its process or conclusion. If I had been inspired or directed in the development of the legend, then certainly the ring would have been seized and used against Sauron.'; Tolkien's love of language persisted throughout his life from his child hood years till adulthood. When he was a boy he would study Welsh names that would rush by on railway coal cars, a...

Invaded By Immigrants Essay -- essays research papers fc

Invaded By Immigrants Canada being a relatively new country, as far as the history of the world goes was built by immigration. Every single resident of North America can trace his ancestry back to the cradle of life in Europe. Even Native Americans found their way to the new world over a frozen ice pack, spreading out across the land, weaving a rich culture and prospering. The Canada that we know today began only in the last 200 years. Settlers poured in from all over the world, tempted with free land and religious liberty Europeans settled in Canada by the thousands. They brought with them traditions and a legal system modeled after the English governments. Although is undeniable that Immigration made Canada into the strong nation that it is, I feel that Immigration as it is set up these days does not build our country but tears it down. The open gates policy implemented by our government leaves the Canadian social system wide open to be abused by would-be migrants in other countries. It is quite obvious that the system currently running is quite imperfect. This paper will attempt to show flaws in Canada's immigration policy and suggest new policy's which fit better with Canada's social landscape. All over the world populations are growing at tremendous rates. Nothing in this world happens by accident, the populations are moving because they expect an increase in quality of life in the new country. Country's all over the world view Canada as a great place to live, the United Nations bills Canada as the best place to live. When third world people look at their present situations, they think that they could instantly improve their surroundings by moving to Canada. By pure logic it would seem like madness to open Canada's doors wide open to any immigrant which wishes to come to Canada. We would be swamped! But that is precisely what Canada has done. There is no end in sight. With a growing world population more and more people will see Canada as the premier place to live and will come flocking to our gates. Many Canadian's do not agree with the current immigration policy our the idea that we should let even more immigrants in. Many issues need to be debated and settled such as should we allow further immigration into Canada, to what degree should immigrants segregate ... ...with the worlds poor, we have created a system which makes money and we cannot let immigration get in the way of the welfare of Canada's citizens. If a potential immigrant can show convincingly that he can bring a meaningful contribution to our country's welfare he is welcomed, but the practice of letting immense amounts of immigrants must be brought to a halt. Bibliography 1. Curran, Thomas; Xenophobia And Immigration. Boston: Twayne, 1975. 2. Globerman, Steven; Immigration Delemma. Vancouver: Fraser, 1992. 3. Hawkins, Freda; Canada and Immigration. Montreal: McGill, 1970. 4. Knowles, Valerie; Strangers at Our Gates. Toronto: Dundurn,1992. 5. Malarek, Victor; Haven's Gate. Toronto: Macmillan, 1987. 6. Munro, Iain; Immigration. Toronto: Wiley, 1941. 7. Norris, John; Strangers Entertained. Vancouver: Evergreen, 1971. 8. Sharma, Satya; Immigrants and Refugees In Canada. Saskatchewan; University, 1991. 9. Sillars, Les. "Something Stinks In Immigration." Alberta Report, August 12, 1996, pp. 12. 10. Stoffman, Daniel. "Canada's Farcical Refugee System." Readers Digest, Sept. 1995, pp. 53-57. 11. Taylor, Rupert; Canada and the World. Waterloo; Ebsco, 1994. Invaded By Immigrants Essay -- essays research papers fc Invaded By Immigrants Canada being a relatively new country, as far as the history of the world goes was built by immigration. Every single resident of North America can trace his ancestry back to the cradle of life in Europe. Even Native Americans found their way to the new world over a frozen ice pack, spreading out across the land, weaving a rich culture and prospering. The Canada that we know today began only in the last 200 years. Settlers poured in from all over the world, tempted with free land and religious liberty Europeans settled in Canada by the thousands. They brought with them traditions and a legal system modeled after the English governments. Although is undeniable that Immigration made Canada into the strong nation that it is, I feel that Immigration as it is set up these days does not build our country but tears it down. The open gates policy implemented by our government leaves the Canadian social system wide open to be abused by would-be migrants in other countries. It is quite obvious that the system currently running is quite imperfect. This paper will attempt to show flaws in Canada's immigration policy and suggest new policy's which fit better with Canada's social landscape. All over the world populations are growing at tremendous rates. Nothing in this world happens by accident, the populations are moving because they expect an increase in quality of life in the new country. Country's all over the world view Canada as a great place to live, the United Nations bills Canada as the best place to live. When third world people look at their present situations, they think that they could instantly improve their surroundings by moving to Canada. By pure logic it would seem like madness to open Canada's doors wide open to any immigrant which wishes to come to Canada. We would be swamped! But that is precisely what Canada has done. There is no end in sight. With a growing world population more and more people will see Canada as the premier place to live and will come flocking to our gates. Many Canadian's do not agree with the current immigration policy our the idea that we should let even more immigrants in. Many issues need to be debated and settled such as should we allow further immigration into Canada, to what degree should immigrants segregate ... ...with the worlds poor, we have created a system which makes money and we cannot let immigration get in the way of the welfare of Canada's citizens. If a potential immigrant can show convincingly that he can bring a meaningful contribution to our country's welfare he is welcomed, but the practice of letting immense amounts of immigrants must be brought to a halt. Bibliography 1. Curran, Thomas; Xenophobia And Immigration. Boston: Twayne, 1975. 2. Globerman, Steven; Immigration Delemma. Vancouver: Fraser, 1992. 3. Hawkins, Freda; Canada and Immigration. Montreal: McGill, 1970. 4. Knowles, Valerie; Strangers at Our Gates. Toronto: Dundurn,1992. 5. Malarek, Victor; Haven's Gate. Toronto: Macmillan, 1987. 6. Munro, Iain; Immigration. Toronto: Wiley, 1941. 7. Norris, John; Strangers Entertained. Vancouver: Evergreen, 1971. 8. Sharma, Satya; Immigrants and Refugees In Canada. Saskatchewan; University, 1991. 9. Sillars, Les. "Something Stinks In Immigration." Alberta Report, August 12, 1996, pp. 12. 10. Stoffman, Daniel. "Canada's Farcical Refugee System." Readers Digest, Sept. 1995, pp. 53-57. 11. Taylor, Rupert; Canada and the World. Waterloo; Ebsco, 1994.

Personal Narrative - Knee Injury Essay -- Personal Narrative Essays

Personal Narrative- Knee Injury I was always an active person from being in sports to hanging out with friends. I always had something planned, or came up with something on the fly. My junior year in high school was a very tough time for me. I was involved in a lot of activities, organizations, and clubs. I was very active in one organization where I had to be up at school every morning at 7:15 for that meeting. Meaning I would not leave school sometimes until 6:45 to 7:00 in the evening. On the weekends I would have something to do either with friends or family. I would never go a weekend with nothing to do. Either I was out running errands or at the mall buying some new clothes. The problem came in on November 22, 2000 at an away game at North Side High. It was the third quarter ...

Importance of Chemistry in Chosen Profession Essay

The international year of Chemistry (2011) should be the key point in a significant growth of the diffusion of chemistry to show society its importance, how it is necessary, which can provide, in order to put it in the appropriate place to be considered by the public. Different activities have been carried out in almost all the science faculties of the Spanish Universities during 2011 to develop the interest in chemistry. Those activities also include the collaboration with teachers in levels before to the University. The Faculty of Science of the University of Extremadura, as well as, in our case, a group of professors, PhD and PhD students are carrying out actions of divulgation of science including chemistry. The aim is to carry out chemical laboratory experiences for high-school students. Experiences in the laboratory were structured in response to different levels of difficulty and looking those more attractive or those that could hit the students. Addressed aspects were related to spectroscopy, surface tension, oxidation, reduction, precipitation, acidity, chromatography, liquid – liquid distillation, etc. The students worked in each activity in groups no larger than 4-5 students and they carried out the experience with the help of the instructor. It is noticeable the great number of activities described in the literature, in the network, etc., for the diffusion of chemistry. However, a crucial aspect is the form in which those experiences are carried out, as well as the participation of the students is active and the goals such as awaken the interest in science in general and chemistry in particular are achieved. Another point is to involve the university community especially the youngest in the necessity to spread the knowledge and the interest in science. We present a catalog of chemical experiences and a plan to be developed extensively to all the levels previous to the university, including primary school level. . Answer: Chemistry has a reputation for being a complicated and boring science, but for the most part, that reputation is undeserved. Fireworks and explosions are based on chemistry, so it’s definitely not a boring science. If you take classes in chemistry, you’ll apply math and logic, which can make studying chemistry a challenge if you are weak in those areas. However, anyone can understand the basics of how things work†¦ and that’s the study of chemistry. In a nutshell, the importance of chemistry is that it explains the world around you. Chemistry Explains†¦ * Cooking Chemistry explains how food changes as you cook it, how it rots, how to preserve food, how your body uses the food you eat, and how ingredients interact to make food. * Cleaning Part of the importance of chemistry is it explains how cleaning works. You use chemistry to help decide what cleaner is best for dishes, laundry, yourself, and your home. You use chemistry when you use bleaches and disinfectants and even ordinary soap and water. How do they work? That’s chemistry! * Medicine You need to understand basic chemistry so you can understand how vitamins, supplements, and drugs can help or harm you. Part of the importance of chemistry lies in developing and testing new medical treatments and medicines. * Environmental Issues Chemistry is at the heart of environmental issues. What makes one chemical a nutrient and another chemical a pollutant? Importance of Taking Chemistry Everyone can and should understand basic chemistry, but it may be important to take a course in chemistry or even make a career out of it. It’s important to understand chemistry if you are studying any of the sciences because all of the sciences involve matter and the interactions between types of matter. Students wanting to become doctors, nurses, physicists, nutritionists, geologists, pharmacists, and (of course) chemists all study chemistry. You might want to make a career of chemistry because chemistry-related jobs are plentiful and high-paying. The importance of chemistry won’t be diminished over time, so it will remain a promising career path.

Picasso Final Paper

Final Paper William Kidwell ART101 machination cargo hold Instructor Patricia Venecia-Tobin October 8, 2012 Evaluate Pablo Picassos damselfishs dAvignon. How did this oeuvre reshape the graphics of the earlyish 20th century? Pablo Picassos image Les Demoiselles dAvignon is a wonderful number of blind, and the style in which the encounter is blusher is actually typical of Picasso. The artificer accurate the take in in the beginning of the ear cunningr century, in 1907, and calld oil on trickfulvas. Gener in ally, Pablo Picasso is famous for unnaturally distorted genss in his images of that year, and Les Demoiselles dAvignon is a great example.The picture is now hanging in the Museum of newfangled Art in New York. Pablo Picasso hated discussing his art, yet once he rundle frankly close to Les Demoiselles dAvignon, his greatest movie and a touchstone of 20th-century art that is carbon age old this summer. On this occasion, Picasso did non address the subject s that transfix art historians the decline of Cubism, the supplanting of old avant- gardes, and the imp action of non-Western art. He cut by academic dissertations to exsert one of his most heartfelt admissions to a greater extent or less why he make art. He radius of art forges as weapons . . . gainst e truly topic . . . against unkn down, threatening spirits, and he affirmed that Les Demoiselles dAvignon . . . was my first exorcism motion picture yes absolutely His encounters also return us to the idea of art as exorcism. When Picasso spoke round art beingness a weapon, he was specifically describing African fetishes. He called them defensive weapons Theyre tools. If we give spirits a arrive at, we become independent. In this sense, the splintered spaces and awesome creatures of Les Demoiselles vividly embody looming malevolent and seductive forces and chequer them in their tracks.Picassos ikon pushes us to the borderline of primal confrontation. It projects hum an savagery but to trap it in the multicolored crust. Jacques Doucet failed to crack the key fruiting to the Louvre, and a few years after his death the 10-year-old Museum of groundbreaking Art acquired non completely a chef-doeuvre but international stature as the leading museum of contemporary art when it purchased the picture show in 1939. Since that date, Les Demoiselles has been almost continuously on public view (a current disposition at the Museum of red-brick Art, Picassos Demoiselles dAvignon at 100, is up through Aug. 7 and displays the painting with 11 related reachs). Yet only in the past few years film we had the chance to set it almost as it looked when it left handover Picassos studio in 1924. In 2003-04, MoMA undertook a serious-scale conservation endeavour and stripped the picture of layers of varnish that someone another(prenominal) than Picasso had app take a breatherd. For generations, the varnish masked the material texture and mass of Pic assos brush snuff it under an painkiller sheen. instantaneously we see the painting the federal agency Picasso left it a raw, intensely fractured flake off of ideas. ( Fitzgerald, M. (2007, Jul 21).PURSUITS leisure & arts master fragment His unladylike young ladies in 1907, picassos les demoiselles bust convention. Wall Street Journal. Retrieved from http//search. proquest. com/docview/398999057? storyid=32521) Pablo Picasso worked on Les Demoiselles dAvignon as he had never worked on whatsoever painting before. One art historian has heretofore claimed that the hundreds of paintings and drawings produced during its six- month gestation seduce a quantity of preparatory work unique non only in Picassos c beer, but without parallel, for a single picture, in the entire history of art.Certainly, it matches the work workmans had usanceally put into history paintings and frescoes. Picasso knew he was doing something important, even basal but what? What ena more thand Pi casso roughly African masks was the most taken for granted(predicate) thing that they disguise you, turn you into something else an animal, a demon, a god. Modernism is an art that wears a mask. It does not say what it pisseds it is not a window but a wall. Picasso picked his subject matter precisely because it was a cliche he wanted to give that originality in art does not lie in arrative, or morality, but in human bodyal mull overion. This is why its misguided to see Les Demoiselles dAvignon as a painting about bathhouses, prostitutes or colonialism. The great, lamentable tragedy of eighteenth- and 19th-century art, comp ard with the ace of a Michelangelo, had been to lose sight of the act of creation. Thats what Picasso blasts a course. Modernism in the arts meant exactly this victory of form over content. That doesnt mean it is disconnected from the globe. Les Demoiselles dAvignon could not be more earthily, pungently affective it is, after all, full of bring up.Its a sexuality that bears no analogy to that of, say, Klimt. Although it emerges from the same decadent milieu, it does things no artist of the fin- de-siecle had contemplated. In this painting Picasso anticipates the discoveries he do explicit in his cubist pictures he all but obliterates the 500-year-old western tradition of perspective by flattening his get rid of silhouettes in a space that goes nowhere. Its this visual frenzy that liberates his eroticism, because it erases each meaning or narrative.Such a tremendous unbinding of desire was unprecedented in art, not to mention Christian culture. afterwards the first world war, Andre Breton came to Picassos studio, saw Les Demoiselles dAvignon and prize it as the definitive modern masterpiece. Breton, the attracter of the surrealists, saw in it a painting about the revolutionary menace of the unconscious, and he was right. (Jones, J. (2007, Jan 09). G2 Arts Pablos punks Its exactly a century since Picasso multicolor les demo iselles davignon.Jonathan Jones reveals why this burst of sex, anarchy and violence gave birth to the full-length of modern art. The Guardian. Retrieved from http//search. proquest. com/docview/246571101? accountid=32521) This painting was painted in 1907. It was called the most innovative painting since the work of Giotto, when Les Demoiselles dAvignon first appe ard it was as if the art world had collapsed. Known form and respresnetation were completely abandoned. The reductionism and knottiness of space in the painiting was incredible, and interruption of hardihoods explosive.Like any revolution, the shock waves reverbetrated and the inevitable outcome was Cubism. This prominent work, which took nine months to complete, exposes the true genius and variety of Picassos passion. Suddenly he found freedom of crush oution away from current and stainless French influences and was able to carve his own path. Picasso created hundreds of sketches and studies in preparation for t he final work. It was painted in Paris during the summer of 1907. Demoiselle was revolutionary and controversial, and led to anger and variety amongst his closest associates and friends.Picasso long acknowledged the splendour of Spanish art and Iberian work as influences on the painting. Demoiselle is believed by critics to be influenced by African tribal masks and the art of Oceania, although Picasso denied the connection galore(postnominal) art historians remain skeptical about his denials. some(prenominal) experts maintain that, at the very least, Picasso visited the Musee dEthnographie du Trocadero in the spring of 1907 where he saw and was unconsciously influenced by African and Tribal art several months before completing Demoiselles.Some critics beg that the painting was a reaction to Henri Matisses Le bonheur de vivre and Blue Nude. Picasso drew each invention distinctly. The woman pulling the curtain on the far right has heavy paint application throughout. Her calcu late is the most cubists of all cardinal, featuring sharp geometric shapes. The cubist head of the crouching figure underwent at least 2 revisions from an Iberian figure to its current state. much of the critical debate that has taken outer space over the years centers on attempting to account for this multiplicity of styles within the work.The dominant understand for over five decades, espoused most notably by Alfred Barr, the first director of the Museum of Modern Art in New York city and organizer of major career retrospectives for the artist, has been that it can be go steadyed as narrate of a transitional period in Picassos art, an effort to connect his earlier work to Cubism, the style he would help invent and develop over the next five or six years.Since the late 18th century, artists had been re-evaluating the Renaissances concept of in writing(p) space, created through the actor of linear and atmospheric perspective, whereby a repair spectator observed a blocka ge of space in which the sense of perspicaciousness was created by a geometric reduction of objects in scale and in pellucidness as, apparently, they receded into the distance.. For Picasso, this interlingual rendition of space was no long-life valid because the fixed spectator no longer existed.Now the modern spectator had been change into someone who was in constant movement, labored to look at objects from several points of view. Picasso became obsess with what he regarded as the anachronistic aesthetical rules governing the theatrical performance of three-dimensional form on a flat climb up and with reconciling them with the new modern acceleration. Les Demoiselles dAvignon represents a working out of this reconciliation. His solution was to paint five nude contorted women. Now lets she-bop a line why he would deliver them in such a manner.If we examine the seated woman to our right, youll notice that her grimace and arms are facing us but her torso, buttocks and extremities are move away from us. In other words, Picasso lets us simultaneously glimpse at different aspects of this woman that a fixed informant could not ordinarily do so. In other words, Picasso is trying to aim us a composite of this woman from as many different points of view as possible so that we may experience her in her totality. Picasso does the very same thing to the woman standing to our left.If we examine her closely, we leave behind notice that she is ambiguously portrayed. First of all, her face is depicted both laterally and frontally. She is represent like an ancient Egyptian form who looks to the side but whose eye looks at once to the front. Furthermore, if we inspect her body, we will discover something very odd. Her right side is depicted dorsally, whereas her left side is portrayed frontally. Its as if Picasso has misshapen her body so that we may get a glimpse of as many aspects of her as possible.In other words, Picasso wants to show us this woman in her entirety. In put uping the new reality, Picasso also abandons harmonious somatic proportions. This, of course, was done on purpose since Picasso had been apt at art school how to render the human figure through mathematical proportions. The woman located at the very center of the canvas is preferably disproportionate, elongated as though she were a figure out of an El Greco painting. If we focus on her extremities, they seem to go on forever, as if her short-waisted torso was out of context with the simpleness of her body.And so it goes for the rest of the figures in the picture. Was there any precedent for doing such a thing? Picassos Les Demoiselles is homage to Paul Cezannes The Bathers. not only do both working echo Cezannes dictum of the cone, the cylinder, and the sphere, but both paintings distort the human body. However, whereas Cezanne distorts the women in The Bathers in order to bring the viewer into the pictorial plane and to balance the figures and structu res within the painting, Picasso does so for a different purpose.Picasso distorts each of these women to show who is in powerthat he can take control and mangle themand that, in the final analysis, they still threaten him as human beings. just now this distortion and use of pure geometrical shapes are not the only elements that Picasso borrows from Cezannes work. Picasso limits his palette just as Cezanne does because both are concerned more with the rendering of form than with the use of color. To drop used more colors than the blues, pinks, ochres, rusts, and grays that he employs would have been distracting.Furthermore, these colors are completely flat, as though to apprize that these women are linearly rendered, constructed rather than modeled. Les Demoiselles is also sad in the ghastly and violent way that the womens faces are portrayed. Georges Braque went so far as to say that Picasso was drinking turpentine and spitting fire. scarce these women searched the way they do for very specific reasons. These women are, after all, prostitutes who are cold, calculating businesswomen who dabble in sex for a profit and who practice a savage profession.The three women on the left look as though they were made from stone, and, remember, the onlooker is a sexual voyeur who is experiencing sexual anxiety. There is nothing inviting about either of them. Their faces are derived from the pre-Roman Iberian bronzes that Picasso had seen in the Louvre and had been experimenting with since 1906. The two remaining womens faces are borrowed from African sculpture, a jarring juxtaposition. mayhap one of the reasons why he did this is to suggest the dark, uncivilized nature of the oldest profession.Another reason is that these women represent a composite of the Spanish people, descended from homegrown tribes the Iberian Peninsula, North Africa, and middle-eastern Jews. Furthermore, perhaps Picasso is even alluding to the final stages of syphilis, whereby the human face becomes a bulbous mask of thickened skin. But maybe Picassos interest in deforming their faces is purely a formal one, a means of negating realism and embracing abstract entity and distortion.Nevertheless, this plundering of African art was revolutionary in that Picasso uses it to shock the viewer through brutality and savagery. Painting was never to be the same. Originally Les Demoiselles was going to be an metaphor of venereal disease entitled The reinforcement of Sin. In the study for the painting, Picasso sketched a navy man carousing in a brothel amongst prostitutes and a young medical disciple holding a skull, a attribute for mortality. But the subsequent painting is quite different from the original sketch only the women appear.And these women are not the conventional nudes that viewers had become so accustomed to in the 1880s when Degas and Toulouse-Lautrec had begun to capture them in the importee of the parade, whereby prostitutes announced their wares and servic es to their clients. Nor are these women maidenlike and beautiful as Ingres Venus Anadyomene. consequently who are these women in this brothel in Barcelonas Avignon Street and why do they appear the way they do? Perhaps the answers to these questions lie in Picassos fear of women in general. Their skeletal system is not depicted as being soft and inviting but sharp and knifelike.In fact, their flesh suggests castration and fear of women. As Robert Hughes implies, No painter put his anxiety about impotence and castration more but than Picasso did in Les Demoiselles, or projected it through a more violent dislocation of form. Even the melon that sweet and squashy fruit, looks like a weapon. But are there any other reasons why Picasso gives these women these shocking forms? Looked at in this way, it could be said that Les Demoiselles carries a means of filth and disease through its representation of these prostitutes, the crouching figure the most so.It is as if Picasso has desi gnedly mutated the figures as a way to express the rising cultural awareness and do of venereal disease, which had become a major threat to prostitutes and their clients lives and each prostitute in the painting depicts a stage in the effects of sexual disease and decay. The square painting gives an impression of uneasiness, because it breaks all the traditional rules of Art and also because it shows a strike scene that offers no sensuous interpretation the Demoiselles are not pretty, they look still human and some even interpret their distorted faces as the signs of illness.Pablo Picassos painting Les Demoiselles dAvignon is a wonderful piece of art, and the style in which the picture is painted is very typical of Picasso. The artist complete the picture in the beginning of the anterior century, in 1907, and used oil on canvas. Generally, Pablo Picasso is famous for unnaturally distorted figures in his paintings of that year, and Les Demoiselles dAvignon is a great example. T he picture is now hanging in the Museum of Modern Art in New York. In collusion, Picasso contributed a great sight to the world.He gave the world 50,000 timeless pieces of work. He helped express his opinions on violence and the Spanish Civil War. And eventually Picasso contributed Les Demoiselles dAvignon and cubism. Picasso was and extremely talented person and artist who gave the world a great deal of innovations and opinions and artwork. References www. faculty. mdc. edu www. pablopicasso. org http//search. proquest. com/docview/398999057? accountid=32521) http//search. proquest. com/docview/246571101? accountid=32521) www. ttexshevles. blogspot. com