Consequences of 9/11

trail Head Consequences of 9/11 Serious Consequences of family line eleventh Kristen Brobst The University Of Findlay Abstract This literature review examines pentad scholarly journal members that thoroughly address how citizens across the nation were scarred forever, later the 2001 folk 11th terrorist fervency, which blackballly alludeed the entire get unneurotic States. This participation wide accident was a liveness ever-changing event which physically, mentally, and unrestrainedly preserveed ms of commonwealths lives. Many trouble oneselfs were developed from this tragic event, including convey traumatic accentuate trouble, alcoholism, and low gear.Imagine standing on the ground reflection cardinal of the highest towers in impudent York urban center, standing at one thousand trip permit-hundred sixty-eight feet high, fall flop before your eyes. Horrifying, right? The 2001 brush up was a keep changing event, which physically, mentally, and emotiona lly impacted citizens in salient ways. That Tuesday family line ninth morning, almost 845AM, refreshed York City was under ardor. The aggresss consisted of a series of arrange suicide bombings by Al-Qaeda upon the joined States. On that day, nineteen Islamist terrorists affiliated with al-Qaeda hijacked quaternary commercialized passenger jet airlines.The hijackers intentionally flew two of the commercial airliners, American Airline Flight 11 and United Airline Flight 175, into the North and S discoverh towers of the domain of a function Trade mall Complex in rising York City. It instantly killed everyone on board, hundreds of others working in the buildings, and trap even much smokees in the higher(prenominal)(prenominal) floors of the towers. Within two hours, both twin towers collapsed, destroying near buildings and damaging others. The barrage killed nearly three thousand mountain that day (9/11 Attacks, para. 2). by and by the family line 11th terrorist at tack, Americans were scarred forever.The survivors, residents, and citizens of the association-wide disaster ar torture various health bothers because of this traumatic experience. Analysis of louvre scholarly journal articles found done library databases, the authors reveal how the citizens lives were negatively impacted from the attack of terrorism. In a interrogation article intoxicant use, amiable Health Status and Psychological Well-being 2 Years by and by the World Trade center field Attacks in New York City by Ric big(p) Adams, Joseph Boscarino, and Sandro Galea (2006), three muckles were conducted to guide their memorise.The authors hypothesized how these disorders developed from the attack impacted individuals. The surveys were send pop step up by telephone using haphazard digit dialing where they could r distri stillively citizens that were touch on. To be eligible to assist the survey questions, an adult was selected based on the many another(prenom inal)body with the most recent birthday in the househ hoar, and they had to address English or Spanish for the surveyors to understand their responses. The article maintains that They conducted surveys in October of 2002, in October 2003 a nonher survey was luff out and the last survey hire out was in February of 2004, (Adams et al, 2006, p. 06). The procedures and questions were all the same throughout each survey nothing was different. Surveyors were interviewed and monitored throughout the survey to even up sure the surveys were accurate. Within the survey, stack were tested on various subjects. The conductors of this survey tested the association amidst alcohol use and the severity of punt traumatic stock disorder symptoms out-of-pocket to the terrorist attack. All together quartette thousand-forty nine batch consummate the surveys, (Adams et al, p. 206). This mensuration of people completing this survey is very high.In the initial survey, they asked respondents whether their symptoms had bo in that respectd them or not. If they said no, they got a zero, alone if they said somewhat, or not at all, their results were put down between zero and six. Further much than, if they answered a little bit, or a lot, they scored between seven and ten. In find up, if their score was between seven and ten, thence it was considered a serious case in which they had to do something round it (Adams et al, p. 207). To complete the criteria of this survey, people had to adjoin certain symptoms of charge traumatic tenor disorder.Many of the people did not meet the complete criteria of pose traumatic stress disorder, so they had to broaden the survey. The symptoms that people needed to possess were reliving the traumatic event, avoidance of thoughts or places related to the event, and arousal. The participants were then judged according to how umpteen of these symptoms that they pre moveed with. They qualified for full post traumatic stress disorder if they held two or more of these traits. The respondents were considered partial post traumatic stress disorder if they solitary(prenominal) met one or two of them.They said Twenty part of the respondents were classified for post traumatic stress disorder from the attack. Eight sh be had partial post traumatic stress disorder and ten percent had high post traumatic stress disorder, (Adams et al, p. 213). As you can go out, many people obtained this disorder from this attack. More of the participants were classified as having higher amplitude of this disorder than having exactly partial. This terrorist attack change many people, not only in gaining post traumatic stress disorder, but also in various other ways.The next survey examine alcoholism, which was gained from the terrorist attack. The surveyors questioned how many sequences had the participant drank six or more alcoholic bever jump ons in one dine after the 2001 attack. The answers they could have a bun in the oven chosen were never, less than, or monthly. Fifteen percent met the criteria for binge drinking. Five percent met the criteria for alcohol dependence and ten percent were inform as an increase of four or more days drinking per month, (Adams et al, p. 213). Furthermore, people developed a problem with drinking delinquent to the attack. More people were seen binge drinking than any other kind.After the September 11th attack, stu unwraps have battle arrayn that there was an increase in the count of alcohol people consumed comp atomic number 18d to before the attack. The traumatic event that the citizens experienced led them to drinking high-spirited amounts of alcohol. Not only did alcohol increase after the attack, but psychological problems began to elevate. The final survey that was displace out studied psychological disorders, such as depression. When studying depression, a psyche had to pre direct with basketball team or more symptoms for at least two weeks in the last year . This meant they were diagnosed with a depressive disorder.Examples of these symptoms atomic number 18 stress, emotional problems during the day, feeling depressed, always down, in a blue mood, and says negative things (Adams et al, p. 208). The studies showed that Twelve percent of the respondents had major depression, and nigh nine percent were described as intumescent, (Adams et al, p. 213). These people needed to examine dish up from a physician. This attack had a major impact of the mental health of the people affected. Adams et al are not the only people who studied these types of disorders that were developed after the 9/11 attack.Similarly in with Adams et al, in an article accident and Trauma James Bakalar (2002) studies post traumatic stress disorder and depression symptoms in connection to 9/11. He gathered information from other studies on the topic from a survey that was sent out after the attack questioning how many people had symptoms of depression, troubles falling asleep at night, and had trouble concentrating, (Bakalar, 2002, p. 1). The study had shown that the number of prescribed sleeping medicine and antidepressants had arisen exceedingly since the September 11th attack because of paranoia.People were discerning average near what might happen next and if they were inviolable at night. They were having troubles falling asleep at night overdue to over thinking of the horrifying tragedy. The damage that the attack go forth behind had initiated symptoms of depression on the people. Symptoms of depression are anxiety, nervousness, feeling down, and or sad. These were not the only emotions people were feeling. The community wide attack left hand several others feeling emotions of helplessness, s tuitiond and freighted. These are a common sign of post traumatic stress disorder.It often increases blood flow and produces an excessive amount of adrenaline making the heart pump more rapidly. Bakalar states how respondents should ov ercome post traumatic stress disorder with some tactics. Victims should join a support theme in which others have the same disorder as well where they all run out round the problem. Bakalar goes on to say, they give meaning to their experience by relation back their stories and listening to other victims whose similar experiences promote taste and sympathy, (Bakalar, p. 4). This can help them to relate to one another, so they have a better understanding about what they are going through.It helps to talk about feelings that are held inside, and to retell the story over again to listeners that have similar stories. Talking with others that have the same problem or symptoms helps the respondents become more comfortable with themselves because they are not the only one with this problem. To help patients bowel movement beyond these feelings due to trauma from the disaster, they should continue expression everyday activities. The author addressed that They should have bureau in the future to get on with their lives, and they should grasp faith in everyday activities, (Bakalar, p. 5).This will help the victims to break free from their past experiences and keeping energetic will help distract the negative feelings in order to overcome the symptoms. This is just a a few(prenominal) ways to overcome the psychological impact of the September 11th attack. Additionally with Adams et al and Bakalar, in the research article titled The stimulated Distress in a community after the Terrorist Attack on the World Trade Center by moorage Chen, Henry Chung, Chen Hongtu, Chen Jian-Ping, and Fang Lin (2003). They hypothesized how the short bourn psychological impacts of the September 11th attack affected the immediate neighborhood of the realness guile center.The surveys they sent out were displayed in a waiting commonwealth for random citizens to fill out. They surveyed emotional responses of the survivors inside the week that it happened and then again five mont hs later to show more accurate statistics. The results showed that Five hundred lv community residents or eighty-eight percent of the citizens completed the survey, (Chen et al, 2003, p. 159). The age group of the participants ranged from eight years old to eighty-six years old. The average age groups of the participants were around forty years old.He states that Results of the first survey that was sent out a few weeks after the disaster showed eighty-eight percent of the respondents had one or more psychiatric symptoms. Over half the community residents had four or more symptoms that dealt with emotional tribulation. The survey that was sent out five months later showed only liii of the respondents had one or more emotional distress symptom, (Chen et al, p. 159). The 9/11 attack proved to be the reason that half the community has consistently had at least one symptom of emotional distress.As clock time went on the emotional distress seemed to dissipate. Although this problem se emed to dissolve, it had a serious impact on people. The study illustrated that the emotional distress had a more serious impact on the full-grown adults around the ages of forty through fifty-nine than it had on any of the other age groups. The symptoms they had were anxiety, nervousness, low self esteem, sadness, and depression. These symptoms demonstrated the tremendous psychological trauma caused by this disaster, (Chen et al, p. 161).The trauma from the attack move a burden on a person that was not apparent before. Several months after the attack had happened the community was still suffering from these symptoms. Studies conducted that Less than four percent of the people received help from a mental health professional, (Chen et al, p. 162). Many of the residents would not seek help in counseling because they thought that time would just heal them. In result, the study had shown that the terrorist attack impacted the immediate neighborhoods, which were the residents that live closer to the world trade center.These residents had higher levels of emotional distress within the first few weeks that the attack occurred. With the destruction in the city that the attack left behind, it is not amaze that these high results in emotional distress would go forth because of this traumatic, unimaginable event. Each situation impacted the people in a negative way. In comparison, In the article When a terrorist Attacks September 11 and the relate on Older Adults in New York City Igal Jellinek and Judy Willig (2007) address the terrorist attack focusing mainly on how the cured were impacted in a negative way in New York City.Jellinek and Willig specifically pit how the attack in the flesh(predicate)ly impacted the aged(a) adults that were close Manhattan. These citizens were paying a vast amount of cash to live there because of the scenic view. The beautiful depiction of the Manhattan skyline lit up New York City, but in just seconds it was demolished from th e attack. The view of that skyline was distorted that September 11th day, and the senior citizens would never see that stunning view again. Many of the older adults were worried about the problems that they would soon face.Jellinek and Willig conducted a survey that was sent out to clients, staff, and several different agencies to see who was worried about safety, who had lost loved ones, and who had no one close to vent to. Results of the survey had shown that everyone was worried about their safety, and no one felt safe where they were. Since the attack hit so close to their homes, everyone was left worried about what was going to happen next. Everyone was boggle and damaged from this disaster. The authors stated The community all needed counseling or just someone to talk to (Jellinek and Willig, 2007, p. 3). The attack impacted the elderly more direct and personally than anyone. The older adults lost loved ones, neighbors, and many close friends that they have known for years. A ll they had left were the memories. Not only did the attack affect them mentally and emotionally, but physically as well. When the attack hit, the elderly residents were in shock and devastated. Their daily routines were rudely discontinue by the attack. The older adults were unable to get care and the attention they were provided with on a daily basis. They could not receive supplies or help that was needed due to ecurity reasons everything was on lock down. These restrictions prevented the older adults from meeting their personal needs. This was very hard for the older adults to cope with. For some of the older adults, the terrorist attack had refueled traumas from years back, making it hard for them to cope with what was going on. Not seeing those trade towers that stood there every day made the attack vividly come back to mind. The elderly could not physically see the trade towers standing, but they could come across how they once stood in the city of New York.Viewing the str oke of the skyline, noticing that the towers were gone, made the citizens realize how real the tragedy was. sustenance Jellinek, Willig, and the other three scholarly journal articles, in the article September 11th and the plaint After Media Narrating Grief, written by Adi Drori-Avraham (2006). He focuses on the impact of sorrow and mourning of the citizens across the United States due to the tragedy. Drori-Avraham concentrates on the two different types of mourning that the New York City residents could be in or were about to experience.He states, The good kind of mourning is a movement forward driven by a temper for meaning. In other words, people need to let go of the loss and move on to a healthy future. The bad kind of mourning is called melancholia, which is cataclysmic grieving, (Drori-Avraham, 2006, p. 289). This is the opposite of making ones life meaningful again. Drori-Avraham mentions an exceptional example of unhealthy grieving. The unhealthy grieving is when New York City employees, tourists, and picture takers are capturing those last moments of the world trade center. These pictures are capturing the memories of what the United States has lost.The city residents that pass by the location of the falling twin towers are now walking by passing the devastating site everyday in order to return back to work. The residents are grieving at the site that was once miraculous. When tourists are there taking pictures and pointing out the memories of loved ones that have been lost, the residents are yet again reminded about that iniquitous day. As the community residents walk by day by day they are constantly reminded about the unlooked-for tragedy on September 11th. When thousands of people die many thousands are left in the state of mourning.This is a natural occurrence when lives are lost. It is a very upsetting time for everyone in the nation. flush normal grief can be protract for a long time when a community wide disaster takes place. Hurtful memories and photographs from the attack whitethorn still be present. Certain sounds or experiences may resemble the terrorist attack. This day with never be forgotten. The mass terrorist attack on the nation has impacted and changed many peoples lives because of the trauma they had perceived on that day. Post traumatic stress disorder is just one problem people developed from the attack.Another problem that was developed from the tragedy is depression. Several scientists also conclude that alcoholism is another trait that people acquired from the attack. overall this attack has negatively impacted several people. I believe that in the future there should be more professional counselors willing to reach out and help others going through these disorders. References Adams, R. , Boscarino, J. , & Galea, S. 2006. Alcohol Use, psychogenic Health Status and Psychological Well-being 2 Years After the World Trade Center Attacks in New York City.American Journal of Drug & Alcohol Abuse. 32(2), 203-224. Retrieved from http//metis. findlay. edu2066/login. aspx? direct= dependable&db=a9h&AN=20380132&site=ehost-live Bakalar, J 2002. Disaster and Trauma. Harvard Mental Health Letter. 18(7), 1-5. Retrieved from http//search. ebscohost. com/login. aspx? direct=true&db=a9h&AN=5762387&site=ehost-live Drori, A. 2006. September 11th and the Mourning After Media Narrating Grief. Journal of Media & Cultural Studies. 20(3), 289-297. Doi 10. 1080/10304310600814110 Hongtu C. , Chung, H. Chen, T. ,Lin, F. , & Jian-Ping, C. 2003. The Emotional Distress in a Community After the Terrorist Attack on the World Trade Center. Community Mental Health Journal. 39(2), 157-165. Retrieved from http//metis. findlay. edu2066/login. aspx? direct=true&db=a9h&AN=9450651&site=ehost-live Jellinek, I. & Willig, J. 2007. When a Terrorist Attacks September 11 and the feign on Older Adults in New York City. Generations. 31(4), 42-46. Retrieved from http//search. ebscohost. com/login. aspx? direct=true& db=a9h&AN=31633966&site=ehost-live